Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss. 2021 Online | Focus 360

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Are you looking for Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss…..

Throughout the UK Energy Efficiency Certifications are created using standard methods and energy assumptions which permits buildings to be compared with another rather. By doing this it enables proprietors, prospective buyers or renters to view the predicted power consumption and carbon rankings over an annual basis, so they can take into consideration the total energy performance and also gas prices as part of their investment or living costs.

All Energy Performance Certificates are accompanied with a recommendations report which outlines cost-effective measures that can be put in place to improve the overall energy efficiency rating of a given property. A typical recommendation could be to upgrade a building’s heating system, increase insulation levels in a loft space or to upgrade single glazed areas to double glazing.

The Energy Performance Certification is necessary as more than 50% of the UK’s energy consumption and also carbon discharges are generated incidentally that we light, warmth and usually use structures. Fairly small modifications such as installing reduced power or LED lighting in all outlets of a structure can have a profound result on power consumption.

  • A (92 PLUS)
  • B (81-91)
  • C (69-80)
  • D (55-68)
  • E (39-54)
  • F (21-38)
  • G (1-20)

When is an Energy performance certificate required?

Your home’s EPC requires to be readily available to potential purchasers as soon as you start to market your residential or commercial property offer for sale or lease. EPC Certificates became a regulative need in April 2008. You need to get an accepted Domestic Energy assessor to create the EPC
.
A demand on all domestic residential or commercial properties, that are either being marketed, constructed, or rented, and also need to be provided to a prospective purchaser or occupant for free.

Are there any cases whereby my building may be exempt?

The solution is indeed! The complying with circumstances regard your building excluded.

Some provided structures.
Building due for demolition leading to site due for redevelopment.
Structure to be marketed or leased with vacant property.
Places of prayer.
Industrial sites, workshops and non-residential farming buildings that have a low power demand.
Stand-alone business structures with an overall useful floor room of less than 50m ².

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

As from the 1st April 2018, there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to normally have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1st April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1st April 2020. It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating unless there is an applicable exemption. A civil penalty of up to £4,000 will be imposed for breaches.

This guidance summarizes the regulations: Find out more

You do not pay anything until the survey is has been fully carried out and that you are happy with the service. Invoices will be issued at this point.

What is your Energy Performance Certificate process? Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

  1. Upon arrival to the property, the power assessor will present themselves, describe the process as well as carry out a health & security threat evaluation for security functions.
    The assessor will certainly need access to every one of the areas in the residential or commercial property, consisting of (where applicable) loft space hatch, space in the roof covering, extensions, sunroom, electrical and gas metres.
    The assessor will attract a sketch plan of the overall flooring location of the home. When this is done they will certainly work through each space taking precise dimensions as well as catching all appropriate data (Residential or commercial property age, building materials, Wall surface thicknesses, heater & controls, hot water cylinder details, water cylinder insulation, Secondary furnace (if appropriate), Floor construction, polishing type and also low energy lights.Please note that we appreciate your house at all times and will ensure that it will be left as it was before we conducted our survey.

Schedule your EPC

We function 24/7 to match your demands as well as book appointments to match your active timetable. Including evening as well as weekends consultations.

The Assessment

One of our certified EPC assessors will certainly visit you at your premises. The survey will take typically in between 1-2 hours to complete.

Calculations

Our team will compute and generate your energy performance certificate and also outline any enhancement recommendations.

Publication

We will publish your Commercial EPC to the government register within 24-48 hours of leaving your property and send you a copy directly via email.

What We Offer

Emphasis 360 has ten years’ experience in supplying SAP analyses to a selection of customers based in Bristol and all over the UK.

We offer a working as a consultant technique to conformity and also constantly have your requirements at the center of what we do.

When dealing with difficult growths and are yet to be defeated by a tough score to day, we are well versed.

At Emphasis 360 Energy we complete both style phase and also as-built parts of your SAP Computations in Bristol as well as we will email your record within your due dates.

SAP Calculations for New Builds in Bristol

A lot of the tasks we handle call for an enhancement score of 40% or over which we have constantly taken care of to attain in spite of occasionally having tight spending plan restraints set out to us.

Consequently alone, we are confident that you won’t be let down in what we have to use.

We recognize that you have due dates to meet so constantly provide the exact same day feedback. We provide a 48-hour quick track service as well as exact same day EPC Certificate as standard, so you won’t be maintained waiting.

Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

SAP Calculations (Common Analysis Treatments) are a building regulation need and also the UK federal government’s chosen approach for examining the energy performance of all new develop houses, conversions and expansions.

Once SAP Calculations in Bristol have been successfully completed on a dwelling an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is generated. The energy performance certificate is an additional document required for building control sign off and is a legal requirement when selling or renting out a home.

AP ranking is a means of comparing the energy effectiveness of different homes and also is scored on a ranking range in between 1 and also 100 (100 representing a residence with a zero-energy expense as well as 0 with a high power cost). Commonly, the greater the SAP score, the lower the gas price and also connected carbon dioxide emissions (CARBON DIOXIDE). From the SAP estimations, we have the ability to exercise a power expense for a provided residential or commercial property. This is created by assessing the building of the home, its furnace, interior illumination and any eco-friendly innovations set up.

SBEM Calculations (Simplified Building Energy Model) is a tool that is used to analyse the compliance of your new non-domestic building with Part L of the building regulations (England and Wales) and equivalent regulations in Scotland, Northern Ireland.

The SBEM estimations process is created by looking at the proposed structures use of materials, heater, air conditioning, hot water, ventilation and lighting services. Along with this the calculation also takes a look at what renewable energy sources have actually been made use of, such as solar photovoltaic or pv, solar thermal, ground/air-source home heating.

As soon as this information is modelled in our federal government approved software application, we can provide an exact understanding of what the structures energy performance and carbon exhausts will certainly be. This outcome is gauged against a notional building of the exact same measurements ideally permitting cutting-edge and great design to dominate. By jointly measuring the textile, services, illumination, eco-friendly and also reduced carbon innovations to a notional structure we can enable some settlement between the various aspects.

Who needs SBEM Calculations?

BEM Calculations are a necessary need for any type of heated new build industrial home which goes beyond 50m2 in size. Along with new develop business buildings some remodelling and expansion tasks will certainly call for an SBEM computation as well.

Design Stage:.
Building control will require a design phase SBEM estimation to be sent at the exact same time as your structure law application. Building control will not let the structure commence without obtaining both papers.

As-built stage:.
Structure control will need both the design stage SBEM Computation and Industrial EPC once the building has been built. Building control will unlikely sign the building off without both records.

Air testing (Also known as Air Permeability, air leakage test and pressure test) is a measure of showing how good your building is at keeping the head in and the cold out.

 

All new advancements in the UK are called for to have an air test carried as part Accepted File Component L (England and Wales) and area 6 of the technical handbook (Scotland).

The Air examination will certainly constantly be carried out as soon as the structure has been completed as well as prior to the inhabitant relocates.

Basically, the reduced the air leakage, the far better the building goes to keeping out the cool as well as the lower the energy costs will be. Having a 100% air-tight building is not essential a great thing as issues may happen such as mould as well as condensation. Striking a balance in the result is key.

You can select not to examine all plots on a bigger site, yet it’s worth keeping in mind that the SAP score will be punished on those not tested. This is typically called self-confidence factor.

Why choose us?

  • Professional and reliable
  • Flexible appointments to suit you
  • Friendly practical advice
  • 10 years experience in the industry
  • Same day turnaround
  • Affordable pricing

What we offer

Treatment Bristol and also the bordering areas, Focus 360 Energy has ten years’ experience offering power efficiency certifications (EPC’s) in Bristol and also throughout the south-west. Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

We provide both household and also industrial EPC certifications to a vast number of clients including estate representatives, lawyers, home proprietors, facility managers and also the general public.

Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss. 2021 Online | Focus 360

by

Are you looking for Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss…..

Throughout the UK Power Efficiency Certifications are created using conventional techniques as well as energy presumptions which permits buildings to be compared to another relatively. By doing this it allows owners, potential purchasers or occupants to watch the forecasted power intake and carbon rankings over an annual basis, so they can think about the overall power efficiency as well as gas costs as part of their investment or living costs.

All Energy Performance Certificates are accompanied with a recommendations report which outlines cost-effective measures that can be put in place to improve the overall energy efficiency rating of a given property. A typical recommendation could be to upgrade a building’s heating system, increase insulation levels in a loft space or to upgrade single glazed areas to double glazing.

The Power Performance Certification is essential as more than 50% of the UK’s power intake and also carbon discharges are produced by the way that we light, warm as well as normally utilize buildings. Reasonably small adjustments such as mounting reduced energy or LED lighting in all electrical outlets of a building can have an extensive impact on energy intake.

  • A (92 PLUS)
  • B (81-91)
  • C (69-80)
  • D (55-68)
  • E (39-54)
  • F (21-38)
  • G (1-20)

When is an Energy performance certificate required?

Your building’s EPC needs to be offered to prospective buyers as soon as you begin to market your property to buy or rental fee. EPC Certificates became a regulatory requirement in April 2008. You must obtain an approved Residential Power assessor to produce the EPC
.
A demand on all domestic residential or commercial properties, that are either being marketed, built, or rented, as well as should be supplied to a possible customer or tenant cost free.

Are there any cases whereby my building may be exempt?

The solution is of course! The complying with situations consider your residential or commercial property exempt.

Some listed structures.
Building due for demolition leading to website due for redevelopment.
Building to be sold or leased with vacant belongings.
Places of prayer.
Industrial sites, workshops and non-residential farming buildings that have a reduced power need.
Stand-alone business structures with a total helpful floor area of less than 50m ².

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

As from the 1st April 2018, there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to normally have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1st April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1st April 2020. It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating unless there is an applicable exemption. A civil penalty of up to £4,000 will be imposed for breaches.

This guidance summarizes the regulations: Find out more

You do not pay anything until the survey is has been fully carried out and that you are happy with the service. Invoices will be issued at this point.

What is your Energy Performance Certificate process? Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

  1. Upon arrival to the residential or commercial property, the power assessor will certainly introduce themselves, discuss the procedure as well as lug out a wellness & security risk analysis for safety purposes.
    The assessor will require access to every one of the rooms in the property, consisting of (where suitable) loft hatch, area in the roofing system, expansions, conservatory, electrical and also gas metres.
    The assessor will certainly attract an illustration strategy of the general flooring location of the residential or commercial property. Once this is done they will work through each space taking specific measurements and catching all relevant data (Home age, building products, Wall thicknesses, heating systems & controls, hot water cyndrical tube details, water cylinder insulation, Additional heating unit (if suitable), Flooring construction, glazing type and reduced energy lighting.Please note that we respect your residence in all times as well as will make certain that it will certainly be left as it was prior to we performed our survey.

Schedule your EPC

We work 24/7 to fit your requirements and book appointments to match your hectic timetable. Including night as well as weekend breaks visits.

The Assessment

Among our certified EPC assessors will certainly see you at your premises. The study will take typically in between 1-2 hours to finish.

Calculations

Our group will certainly compute and generate your energy performance certification and also detail any enhancement recommendations.

Publication

We will publish your Commercial EPC to the government register within 24-48 hours of leaving your property and send you a copy directly via email.

What We Offer

Emphasis 360 has ten years’ experience in offering SAP analyses to a range of clients based in Bristol and all over the UK.

We provide a working as a consultant method to compliance and also constantly have your needs at the leading edge of what we do.

When dealing with challenging developments as well as are yet to be defeated by a challenging rating to day, we are well versed.

At Emphasis 360 Energy we finish both design stage as well as as-built components of your SAP Computations in Bristol and we will certainly email your report within your deadlines.

SAP Calculations for New Builds in Bristol

A number of the projects we tackle require a renovation rating of 40% or over which we have actually always handled to accomplish regardless of in some cases having limited budget plan restraints set out to us.

For this reason alone, we are positive that you won’t be let down in what we have to provide.

We recognize that you have due dates to meet so always offer the same day response. We provide a 48-hour rapid track service as well as exact same day EPC Certificate as basic, so you will not be maintained waiting.

Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

SAP Estimations (Basic Assessment Treatments) are a structure guideline need as well as the UK federal government’s selected methodology for assessing the energy performance of all new develop conversions, residences and also extensions.

Once SAP Calculations in Bristol have been successfully completed on a dwelling an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is generated. The energy performance certificate is an additional document required for building control sign off and is a legal requirement when selling or renting out a home.

AP rating is a means of comparing the energy efficiency of various houses as well as is scored on a rating range in between 1 and also 100 (100 representing a home with a zero-energy price as well as 0 with a high power price). Generally, the higher the SAP rating, the reduced the fuel expense and also associated carbon dioxide discharges (CARBON DIOXIDE). From the SAP estimations, we have the ability to exercise a power cost for an offered residential or commercial property. This is created by evaluating the building and construction of the house, its heater, inner lighting and also any kind of sustainable modern technologies set up.

SBEM Calculations (Simplified Building Energy Model) is a tool that is used to analyse the compliance of your new non-domestic building with Part L of the building regulations (England and Wales) and equivalent regulations in Scotland, Northern Ireland.

The SBEM estimations procedure is put together by considering the proposed structures use of materials, heater, air conditioning, hot water, ventilation and lights services. In addition to this the estimation likewise considers what renewable energy sources have actually been used, such as solar photovoltaic or pv, solar thermal, ground/air-source home heating.

Once this data is designed in our federal government approved software application, we can offer an accurate understanding of what the buildings power efficiency and carbon discharges will be. This result is determined versus a notional building of the very same measurements with any luck permitting innovative as well as excellent layout to prevail. By collectively measuring the material, services, illumination, low and also renewable carbon modern technologies to a notional structure we can allow for some compensation in between the different aspects.

Who needs SBEM Calculations?

BEM Calculations are a required requirement for any type of heated new develop business home which surpasses 50m2 in size. In addition to new develop business structures some renovation and also expansion projects will require an SBEM calculation also.

Design Phase:.
Structure control will call for a style stage SBEM calculation to be submitted at the exact same time as your building policy application. Building control will certainly not allow the building commence without getting both records.

As-built stage:.
Building control will certainly require both the style stage SBEM Calculation as well as Industrial EPC once the building has actually been built. Structure control will unlikely sign the building off without both documents.

Air testing (Also known as Air Permeability, air leakage test and pressure test) is a measure of showing how good your building is at keeping the head in and the cold out.

 

All brand-new advancements in the UK are called for to have an air test carried as component Authorized Record Part L (England as well as Wales) and area 6 of the technological manual (Scotland).

The Air examination will always be carried out as soon as the building has actually been completed as well as before the occupier moves in.

Basically, the reduced the air leakage, the better the structure is at shutting out the chilly and the reduced the energy costs will be. However, having a 100% air-tight building is not required an advantage as issues may happen such as mould and also condensation. Striking an equilibrium in the outcome is vital.

You can choose not to test all plots on a larger site, but it deserves keeping in mind that the SAP rating will certainly be punished on those not evaluated. This is frequently called confidence factor.

Why choose us?

  • Professional and reliable
  • Flexible appointments to suit you
  • Friendly practical advice
  • 10 years experience in the industry
  • Same day turnaround
  • Affordable pricing

What we offer

Covering Bristol as well as the surrounding areas, Focus 360 Energy has ten years’ experience offering power efficiency certifications (EPC’s) in Bristol as well as throughout the south-west. Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

We offer both property and commercial EPC certificates to a large variety of clients including estate representatives, lawyers, home landlords, facility supervisors as well as the public.

Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss. 2021 Online | Focus 360

by

Are you looking for Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss…..

Throughout the UK Power Performance Certifications are created utilizing common techniques as well as energy presumptions which allows buildings to be compared to one more fairly. By doing this it allows owners, possible purchasers or lessees to check out the forecasted energy intake and also carbon ratings over a yearly basis, so they can take into consideration the total power performance and gas expenses as part of their investment or living costs.

All Energy Performance Certificates are accompanied with a recommendations report which outlines cost-effective measures that can be put in place to improve the overall energy efficiency rating of a given property. A typical recommendation could be to upgrade a building’s heating system, increase insulation levels in a loft space or to upgrade single glazed areas to double glazing.

The Energy Efficiency Certification is important as more than 50% of the UK’s power consumption and carbon discharges are created incidentally that we light, warmth as well as generally utilize structures. Reasonably small modifications such as installing reduced power or LED illumination in all outlets of a structure can have an extensive effect on energy usage.

  • A (92 PLUS)
  • B (81-91)
  • C (69-80)
  • D (55-68)
  • E (39-54)
  • F (21-38)
  • G (1-20)

When is an Energy performance certificate required?

Your property’s EPC requires to be available to potential customers as quickly as you start to market your property up for sale or rental fee. EPC Certificates came to be a regulatory need in April 2008. You must get an authorized Residential Energy assessor to create the EPC
.
A need on all residential residential or commercial properties, that are either being sold, built, or leased, and need to be given to a potential customer or tenant at no cost.

Are there any cases whereby my building may be exempt?

The answer is yes! The adhering to circumstances consider your property excluded.

Some noted structures.
Building due for demolition leading to website due for redevelopment.
Building to be sold or leased with uninhabited ownership.
Places of worship.
Industrial sites, workshops and non-residential agricultural buildings that have a reduced power demand.
Stand-alone industrial structures with a complete beneficial floor space of less than 50m ².

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

As from the 1st April 2018, there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to normally have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1st April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1st April 2020. It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating unless there is an applicable exemption. A civil penalty of up to £4,000 will be imposed for breaches.

This guidance summarizes the regulations: Find out more

You do not pay anything until the survey is has been fully carried out and that you are happy with the service. Invoices will be issued at this point.

What is your Energy Performance Certificate process? Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

  1. Upon arrival to the property, the power assessor will certainly introduce themselves, lug and also explain the process out a health & security risk evaluation for safety and security purposes.
    The assessor will certainly require access to every one of the spaces in the home, including (where appropriate) loft space hatch, space in the roofing, extensions, sunroom, electrical as well as gas metres.
    The assessor will attract an illustration strategy of the general flooring area of the residential property. As soon as this is done they will certainly overcome each area taking exact measurements and also capturing all relevant data (Home age, building materials, Wall surface densities, heating systems & controls, hot water cylinder details, water cylinder insulation, Second heating systems (if appropriate), Floor construction, polishing type and also low energy lights.Please keep in mind that we appreciate your residence whatsoever times and will ensure that it will certainly be left as it was prior to we conducted our study.

Schedule your EPC

We work 24/7 to fit your requirements and also book consultations to match your busy routine. Consisting of evening and also weekends consultations.

The Assessment

One of our certified EPC assessors will see you at your premises. The survey will take normally between 1-2 hrs to finish.

Calculations

Our group will certainly determine and generate your power efficiency certification and describe any enhancement referrals.

Publication

We will publish your Commercial EPC to the government register within 24-48 hours of leaving your property and send you a copy directly via email.

What We Offer

Focus 360 has one decade’ experience in using SAP assessments to a range of customers based in Bristol as well as all over the UK.

We provide a working as a consultant technique to conformity and also constantly have your demands at the forefront of what we do.

We are well versed when dealing with tricky growths and also are yet to be beaten by a tough score to date.

At Emphasis 360 Energy we finish both layout phase and as-built components of your SAP Estimations in Bristol and also we will email your report within your due dates.

SAP Calculations for New Builds in Bristol

A number of the jobs we handle require an enhancement rating of 40% or over which we have constantly taken care of to achieve regardless of in some cases having limited budget plan restraints laid out to us.

Consequently alone, we are confident that you won’t be dissatisfied in what we have to offer.

We understand that you have deadlines to satisfy so constantly use the exact same day action. We provide a 48-hour rapid track solution and also exact same day EPC Certification as basic, so you will not be kept waiting.

Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

SAP Computations (Basic Evaluation Treatments) are a building guideline need and also the UK government’s chosen approach for examining the power efficiency of all brand-new build conversions, extensions as well as houses.

Once SAP Calculations in Bristol have been successfully completed on a dwelling an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is generated. The energy performance certificate is an additional document required for building control sign off and is a legal requirement when selling or renting out a home.

AP rating is a method of contrasting the power effectiveness of different residences as well as is racked up on a rating scale between 1 and also 100 (100 representing a dwelling with a zero-energy cost as well as 0 with a high power expense). From the SAP computations, we are able to work out a power expense for a provided home.

SBEM Calculations (Simplified Building Energy Model) is a tool that is used to analyse the compliance of your new non-domestic building with Part L of the building regulations (England and Wales) and equivalent regulations in Scotland, Northern Ireland.

The SBEM computations process is created by considering the proposed structures use of products, heating unit, air conditioning, warm water, air flow and illumination services. Along with this the calculation also checks out what renewable resource resources have been made use of, such as solar photovoltaic or pv, solar thermal, ground/air-source heating.

Once this information is designed in our government approved software program, we can provide an accurate understanding of what the structures power performance as well as carbon discharges will be. This result is gauged against a notional structure of the very same dimensions with any luck permitting great and ingenious style to dominate. By jointly gauging the material, solutions, lighting, reduced as well as eco-friendly carbon innovations to a notional structure we can permit some settlement between the various elements.

Who needs SBEM Calculations?

BEM Estimations are an obligatory demand for any type of heated new build business residential or commercial property which goes beyond 50m2 in dimension. In addition to brand-new build commercial structures some improvement and extension jobs will require an SBEM estimation as well.

Design Stage:.
Structure control will certainly need a style stage SBEM estimation to be submitted at the same time as your building policy application. Building control will certainly not allow the building commence without receiving both files.

As-built stage:.
Building control will require both the layout phase SBEM Calculation as well as Commercial EPC once the structure has actually been created. Building control will unlikely sign the structure off without both files.

Air testing (Also known as Air Permeability, air leakage test and pressure test) is a measure of showing how good your building is at keeping the head in and the cold out.

 

All new growths in the UK are required to have an air test brought as part Accepted Document Component L (England and also Wales) and section 6 of the technical manual (Scotland).

Once the structure has actually been completed as well as before the inhabitant relocates in, the Air examination will certainly always be brought out.

Essentially, the reduced the air leak, the far better the building goes to staying out the cold as well as the reduced the power costs will certainly be. Having a 100% air-tight structure is not necessary a good thing as problems may occur such as mould as well as condensation. Striking an equilibrium in the result is crucial.

You can pick not to examine all stories on a larger site, yet it deserves noting that the SAP score will be punished on those not evaluated. This is commonly known as confidence aspect.

Why choose us?

  • Professional and reliable
  • Flexible appointments to suit you
  • Friendly practical advice
  • 10 years experience in the industry
  • Same day turnaround
  • Affordable pricing

What we offer

Covering Bristol and the bordering locations, Focus 360 Power has 10 years’ experience offering power performance certifications (EPC’s) in Bristol and also throughout the south-west. Alorimetry Measures Energy Expenditure By Assessing Body Heat Loss.

We offer both residential and also industrial EPC certificates to a huge variety of customers consisting of estate agents, solicitors, building proprietors, facility supervisors as well as the general public.