Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana 2021 Online | Focus 360

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Are you looking for Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana….

Throughout the UK Energy Efficiency Certificates are produced utilizing basic approaches as well as power presumptions which permits structures to be compared with an additional relatively. By doing this it allows proprietors, potential buyers or tenants to check out the forecasted energy intake as well as carbon scores over an annual basis, so they can take into consideration the overall power efficiency and gas expenses as component of their financial investment or living expenditures.

All Energy Performance Certificates are accompanied with a recommendations report which outlines cost-effective measures that can be put in place to improve the overall energy efficiency rating of a given property. A typical recommendation could be to upgrade a building’s heating system, increase insulation levels in a loft space or to upgrade single glazed areas to double glazing.

The Energy Performance Certificate is essential as more than 50% of the UK’s power consumption and also carbon discharges are generated by the way that we light, warmth as well as normally utilize structures. Reasonably little adjustments such as mounting reduced power or LED illumination in all electrical outlets of a building can have an extensive result on energy intake.

  • A (92 PLUS)
  • B (81-91)
  • C (69-80)
  • D (55-68)
  • E (39-54)
  • F (21-38)
  • G (1-20)

When is an Energy performance certificate required?

Your residential property’s EPC requires to be offered to possible buyers as soon as you begin to market your residential property to buy or rent. EPC Certificates became a governing demand in April 2008. You should get an authorized Residential Energy assessor to generate the EPC
.
A demand on all residential homes, that are either being marketed, constructed, or leased, and should be given to a potential purchaser or tenant absolutely free.

Are there any cases whereby my building may be exempt?

The response is indeed! The complying with circumstances regard your residential property exempt.

Some listed buildings.
Structure due for demolition leading to website due for redevelopment.
Building to be marketed or rented with vacant possession.
Places of prayer.
Industrial websites, workshops and also non-residential agricultural structures that have a reduced energy need.
Stand-alone industrial structures with an overall useful flooring room of less than 50m ².

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

As from the 1st April 2018, there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to normally have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1st April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1st April 2020. It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating unless there is an applicable exemption. A civil penalty of up to £4,000 will be imposed for breaches.

This guidance summarizes the regulations: Find out more

You do not pay anything until the survey is has been fully carried out and that you are happy with the service. Invoices will be issued at this point.

What is your Energy Performance Certificate process? Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

  1. Upon arrival to the residential property, the energy assessor will certainly introduce themselves, bring and clarify the process out a health & security danger evaluation for safety and security objectives.
    The assessor will certainly require access to every one of the spaces in the residential property, consisting of (where relevant) loft hatch, room in the roof covering, expansions, conservatory, electrical and gas metres.
    The assessor will draw an illustration strategy of the total flooring location of the residential or commercial property. When this is done they will certainly overcome each area taking precise dimensions and recording all appropriate information (Residential property age, building materials, Wall surface thicknesses, heating systems & controls, hot water cylinder information, water cyndrical tube insulation, Second furnace (if applicable), Floor building and construction, polishing kind and also reduced energy lights.Please keep in mind that we appreciate your home in all times as well as will make certain that it will be left as it was before we performed our survey.

Schedule your EPC

We function 24/7 to suit your requirements and also publication consultations to suit your hectic schedule. Including night and weekends appointments.

The Assessment

Among our certified EPC assessors will certainly visit you at your properties. The survey will certainly take usually between 1-2 hrs to finish.

Calculations

Our team will determine and generate your energy efficiency certification as well as detail any type of enhancement recommendations.

Publication

We will publish your Commercial EPC to the government register within 24-48 hours of leaving your property and send you a copy directly via email.

What We Offer

Emphasis 360 has one decade’ experience in using SAP analyses to a range of customers based in Bristol and also all over the UK.

We offer a consultancy approach to compliance as well as always have your requirements at the center of what we do.

When dealing with tricky growths and are yet to be defeated by a tough ranking to date, we are well versed.

At Focus 360 Energy we finish both design stage and as-built components of your SAP Calculations in Bristol and also we will email your record within your due dates.

SAP Calculations for New Builds in Bristol

Most of the projects we handle call for a renovation rating of 40% or over which we have actually always taken care of to achieve in spite of often having tight budget restrictions set out to us.

Consequently alone, we are confident that you won’t be dissatisfied in what we have to provide.

We recognize that you have due dates to fulfill so constantly offer the same day action. In addition to this, we offer a 48-hour fast track solution as well as very same day EPC Certification as typical, so you won’t be maintained waiting.

Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

SAP Computations (Standard Analysis Treatments) are a structure regulation requirement and the UK federal government’s chosen method for analyzing the power performance of all brand-new construct homes, conversions and also extensions.

Once SAP Calculations in Bristol have been successfully completed on a dwelling an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is generated. The energy performance certificate is an additional document required for building control sign off and is a legal requirement when selling or renting out a home.

AP score is a means of comparing the power performance of various homes and is racked up on a ranking scale between 1 and 100 (100 standing for a dwelling with a zero-energy expense and 0 with a high energy expense). Typically, the higher the SAP rating, the lower the fuel expense as well as affiliated carbon dioxide discharges (CO2). From the SAP calculations, we are able to work out a power price for a provided residential or commercial property. This is formed by evaluating the building and construction of the house, its heating unit, interior lights and also any kind of renewable technologies mounted.

SBEM Calculations (Simplified Building Energy Model) is a tool that is used to analyse the compliance of your new non-domestic building with Part L of the building regulations (England and Wales) and equivalent regulations in Scotland, Northern Ireland.

The SBEM estimations procedure is assembled by checking out the proposed structures use materials, heating unit, air conditioning, hot water, ventilation and lighting solutions. Along with this the computation additionally takes a look at what renewable resource sources have been used, such as solar photovoltaic or pv, solar thermal, ground/air-source heating.

When this information is modelled in our government accepted software program, we can provide a precise understanding of what the structures energy performance and carbon emissions will be. This outcome is determined against a notional structure of the very same dimensions hopefully permitting excellent as well as cutting-edge layout to prevail. By jointly measuring the material, solutions, lighting, low as well as eco-friendly carbon innovations to a notional structure we can allow for some payment in between the various components.

Who needs SBEM Calculations?

BEM Computations are a required demand for any warmed brand-new develop commercial building which surpasses 50m2 in dimension. Along with brand-new develop commercial buildings some renovation as well as expansion tasks will require an SBEM estimation also.

Design Phase:.
Building control will call for a style stage SBEM computation to be submitted at the same time as your building regulation application. Structure control will certainly not let the structure commence without getting both records.

As-built stage:.
Building control will need both the layout stage SBEM Estimation and also Industrial EPC once the building has been created. Structure control will unlikely authorize the structure off without both records.

Air testing (Also known as Air Permeability, air leakage test and pressure test) is a measure of showing how good your building is at keeping the head in and the cold out.

 

All new advancements in the UK are required to have an air examination brought as part Accepted Document Component L (England and Wales) and also section 6 of the technical handbook (Scotland).

Once the structure has been ended up as well as prior to the occupier relocates in, the Air examination will certainly constantly be lugged out.

Fundamentally, the reduced the air leak, the far better the building goes to keeping out the cold and also the lower the power costs will be. Having a 100% air-tight building is not needed a great thing as troubles may happen such as mould as well as condensation. Striking an equilibrium in the result is vital.

You can choose not to test all stories on a bigger website, however it’s worth noting that the SAP score will certainly be punished on those not tested. This is typically called confidence element.

Why choose us?

  • Professional and reliable
  • Flexible appointments to suit you
  • Friendly practical advice
  • 10 years experience in the industry
  • Same day turnaround
  • Affordable pricing

What we offer

Covering Bristol as well as the bordering locations, Emphasis 360 Power has one decade’ experience offering energy efficiency certifications (EPC’s) in Bristol as well as throughout the south-west. Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

We provide both residential as well as industrial EPC certifications to a vast number of customers consisting of estate agents, solicitors, residential property landlords, center managers as well as the public.

Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana 2021 Online | Focus 360

by

Are you looking for Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana….

Throughout the UK Power Performance Certifications are generated utilizing basic methods and also energy assumptions which enables structures to be compared with another relatively. By doing this it enables proprietors, potential customers or tenants to watch the forecasted energy usage and also carbon rankings over a yearly basis, so they can think about the total power effectiveness and also fuel expenses as component of their financial investment or living costs.

All Energy Performance Certificates are accompanied with a recommendations report which outlines cost-effective measures that can be put in place to improve the overall energy efficiency rating of a given property. A typical recommendation could be to upgrade a building’s heating system, increase insulation levels in a loft space or to upgrade single glazed areas to double glazing.

The Power Efficiency Certification is important as more than 50% of the UK’s power usage and also carbon emissions are produced incidentally that we light, heat and also usually utilize structures. Fairly little modifications such as installing reduced power or LED lights in all electrical outlets of a structure can have a profound effect on power usage.

  • A (92 PLUS)
  • B (81-91)
  • C (69-80)
  • D (55-68)
  • E (39-54)
  • F (21-38)
  • G (1-20)

When is an Energy performance certificate required?

Your residential or commercial property’s EPC requires to be available to prospective buyers as quickly as you start to market your residential or commercial property to buy or rental fee. EPC Certificates ended up being a governing need in April 2008. You have to obtain an approved Residential Energy assessor to generate the EPC
.
A need on all domestic homes, that are either being sold, built, or rented, and should be supplied to a possible purchaser or renter free of charge.

Are there any cases whereby my building may be exempt?

The response is yes! The adhering to scenarios consider your home excluded.

Some provided buildings.
Building due for demolition resulting in website due for redevelopment.
Structure to be sold or leased with uninhabited property.
Places of praise.
Industrial websites, workshops as well as non-residential agricultural structures that have a reduced energy demand.
Stand-alone commercial structures with an overall useful floor space of less than 50m ².

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

As from the 1st April 2018, there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to normally have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1st April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1st April 2020. It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating unless there is an applicable exemption. A civil penalty of up to £4,000 will be imposed for breaches.

This guidance summarizes the regulations: Find out more

You do not pay anything until the survey is has been fully carried out and that you are happy with the service. Invoices will be issued at this point.

What is your Energy Performance Certificate process? Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

  1. Upon arrival to the residential or commercial property, the energy assessor will certainly introduce themselves, discuss the process and carry out a wellness & safety and security risk assessment for safety objectives.
    The assessor will need accessibility to every one of the rooms in the residential or commercial property, including (where appropriate) loft hatch, room in the roof covering, expansions, conservatory, electrical and gas metres.
    The assessor will attract an illustration plan of the total floor location of the building. When this is done they will certainly overcome each area taking specific measurements and capturing all pertinent data (Property age, construction materials, Wall surface thicknesses, heater & controls, hot water cylinder details, water cyndrical tube insulation, Second furnace (if suitable), Flooring building, polishing kind as well as low power lights.Please keep in mind that we respect your house in all times and also will certainly ensure that it will be left as it was prior to we conducted our study.

Schedule your EPC

We work 24/7 to suit your demands as well as book appointments to fit your active schedule. Including evening and weekends visits.

The Assessment

One of our certified EPC assessors will see you at your properties. The survey will certainly take typically between 1-2 hours to finish.

Calculations

Our group will determine and also produce your power performance certificate and outline any kind of improvement suggestions.

Publication

We will publish your Commercial EPC to the government register within 24-48 hours of leaving your property and send you a copy directly via email.

What We Offer

Emphasis 360 has 10 years’ experience in using SAP analyses to a variety of clients based in Bristol as well as all over the UK.

We offer a working as a consultant strategy to compliance and also always have your needs at the center of what we do.

When dealing with challenging growths as well as are yet to be beaten by a difficult ranking to day, we are well versed.

At Emphasis 360 Energy we complete both style phase and also as-built components of your SAP Estimations in Bristol and also we will certainly email your report within your due dates.

SAP Calculations for New Builds in Bristol

A number of the jobs we take on require an improvement ranking of 40% or over which we have always taken care of to achieve despite in some cases having tight budget plan restrictions laid out to us.

For this reason alone, we are positive that you will not be disappointed in what we need to use.

We comprehend that you have deadlines to satisfy so always use the same day reaction. Along with this, we provide a 48-hour fast lane service as well as very same day EPC Certification as basic, so you will not be maintained waiting.

Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

SAP Calculations (Typical Analysis Treatments) are a building law demand and the UK government’s chosen approach for examining the energy performance of all new build residences, conversions and extensions.

Once SAP Calculations in Bristol have been successfully completed on a dwelling an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is generated. The energy performance certificate is an additional document required for building control sign off and is a legal requirement when selling or renting out a home.

AP ranking is a method of contrasting the energy efficiency of different homes as well as is racked up on a rating scale in between 1 and also 100 (100 standing for a dwelling with a zero-energy cost and also 0 with a high energy expense). From the SAP calculations, we are able to function out an energy expense for a provided residential or commercial property.

SBEM Calculations (Simplified Building Energy Model) is a tool that is used to analyse the compliance of your new non-domestic building with Part L of the building regulations (England and Wales) and equivalent regulations in Scotland, Northern Ireland.

The SBEM estimations process is assembled by checking out the proposed buildings use of materials, furnace, cooling, warm water, ventilation as well as illumination services. The estimation likewise looks at what renewable power sources have been utilized, such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, ground/air-source home heating.

As soon as this data is designed in our federal government authorized software application, we can supply an exact understanding of what the buildings power efficiency as well as carbon discharges will be. This result is gauged against a notional structure of the exact same measurements with any luck enabling good and also cutting-edge design to prevail. By jointly determining the fabric, solutions, lights, renewable as well as low carbon innovations to a notional structure we can enable some payment between the various elements.

Who needs SBEM Calculations?

BEM Computations are a mandatory demand for any type of heated brand-new build commercial home which surpasses 50m2 in dimension. In enhancement to brand-new develop industrial buildings some renovation as well as extension jobs will need an SBEM estimation.

Style Phase:.
Structure control will need a design stage SBEM computation to be sent at the same time as your building policy application. Structure control will not let the building commence without getting both records.

As-built stage:.
Building control will require both the layout phase SBEM Computation as well as Business EPC once the building has been created. Structure control will unlikely sign the building off without both papers.

Air testing (Also known as Air Permeability, air leakage test and pressure test) is a measure of showing how good your building is at keeping the head in and the cold out.

 

All new advancements in the UK are called for to have an air examination carried as part Accepted Record Part L (England as well as Wales) and area 6 of the technical manual (Scotland).

The Air examination will constantly be performed once the building has been ended up as well as prior to the inhabitant moves in.

In essence, the lower the air leak, the far better the structure goes to keeping out the cold and also the lower the energy costs will certainly be. However, having a 100% air-tight structure is not needed an advantage as problems may happen such as mould and condensation. Striking an equilibrium in the result is crucial.

You can pick not to examine all stories on a bigger website, yet it deserves keeping in mind that the SAP score will certainly be penalised on those not examined. This is frequently referred to as self-confidence factor.

Why choose us?

  • Professional and reliable
  • Flexible appointments to suit you
  • Friendly practical advice
  • 10 years experience in the industry
  • Same day turnaround
  • Affordable pricing

What we offer

Covering Bristol as well as the surrounding areas, Focus 360 Energy has ten years’ experience offering power performance certifications (EPC’s) in Bristol and also throughout the south-west. Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

We provide both domestic and also business EPC certificates to a large number of customers consisting of estate representatives, solicitors, property landlords, center managers as well as the public.

Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana 2021 Online | Focus 360

by

Are you looking for Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana….

Throughout the UK Power Efficiency Certificates are produced using conventional techniques as well as power assumptions which permits structures to be compared to another rather. By doing this it allows owners, possible purchasers or occupants to check out the predicted power intake and also carbon ratings over a yearly basis, so they can consider the overall power effectiveness as well as fuel prices as part of their investment or living expenditures.

All Energy Performance Certificates are accompanied with a recommendations report which outlines cost-effective measures that can be put in place to improve the overall energy efficiency rating of a given property. A typical recommendation could be to upgrade a building’s heating system, increase insulation levels in a loft space or to upgrade single glazed areas to double glazing.

The Energy Performance Certification is very important as more than 50% of the UK’s power consumption and carbon emissions are generated incidentally that we light, warm as well as normally use structures. Relatively small changes such as mounting low energy or LED illumination in all electrical outlets of a structure can have an extensive result on power consumption.

  • A (92 PLUS)
  • B (81-91)
  • C (69-80)
  • D (55-68)
  • E (39-54)
  • F (21-38)
  • G (1-20)

When is an Energy performance certificate required?

Your property’s EPC requires to be offered to potential buyers as soon as you start to market your residential property offer for sale or rent. EPC Certificates ended up being a governing need in April 2008. You should obtain an approved Domestic Energy assessor to create the EPC
.
A requirement on all residential homes, that are either being offered, developed, or leased, and also have to be given to a potential customer or renter cost free.

Are there any cases whereby my building may be exempt?

The response is of course! The complying with situations consider your property excluded.

Some noted buildings.
Building due for demolition causing site due for redevelopment.
Structure to be marketed or rented with vacant ownership.
Places of prayer.
Industrial websites, workshops and non-residential farming structures that have a low energy need.
Stand-alone business buildings with a total helpful flooring area of less than 50m ².

What are the penalties for not having an EPC?

As from the 1st April 2018, there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to normally have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1st April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1st April 2020. It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating unless there is an applicable exemption. A civil penalty of up to £4,000 will be imposed for breaches.

This guidance summarizes the regulations: Find out more

You do not pay anything until the survey is has been fully carried out and that you are happy with the service. Invoices will be issued at this point.

What is your Energy Performance Certificate process? Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

  1. Upon arrival to the residential or commercial property, the energy assessor will certainly introduce themselves, lug as well as discuss the procedure out a wellness & safety and security threat evaluation for safety and security functions.
    The assessor will require accessibility to all of the areas in the property, including (where suitable) loft hatch, space in the roof, expansions, conservatory, electric as well as gas metres.
    The assessor will attract a sketch strategy of the total flooring area of the residential property. Once this is done they will work through each area taking accurate dimensions as well as catching all relevant information (Building age, building and construction materials, Wall surface densities, furnace & controls, hot water cylinder details, water cylinder insulation, Additional heater (if suitable), Floor construction, glazing type and also low power illumination.Please keep in mind that we appreciate your house in all times and also will ensure that it will be left as it was prior to we conducted our study.

Schedule your EPC

We function 24/7 to suit your requirements as well as book appointments to suit your busy timetable. Including night as well as weekends visits.

The Assessment

One of our qualified EPC assessors will certainly visit you at your premises. The study will take usually between 1-2 hrs to complete.

Calculations

Our group will calculate and also create your energy efficiency certification as well as lay out any type of enhancement recommendations.

Publication

We will publish your Commercial EPC to the government register within 24-48 hours of leaving your property and send you a copy directly via email.

What We Offer

Emphasis 360 has ten years’ experience in supplying SAP evaluations to a range of clients based in Bristol and all over the UK.

We offer a consultancy technique to conformity as well as always have your demands at the leading edge of what we do.

We are well versed when taking care of tricky developments as well as are yet to be beaten by a difficult rating to date.

At Emphasis 360 Energy we finish both style stage as well as as-built parts of your SAP Estimations in Bristol and we will certainly email your report within your target dates.

SAP Calculations for New Builds in Bristol

A number of the jobs we tackle call for a renovation score of 40% or over which we have constantly handled to accomplish in spite of sometimes having limited budget plan restrictions laid out to us.

For this reason alone, we are confident that you won’t be let down in what we have to use.

We comprehend that you have due dates to meet so always use the same day feedback. In addition to this, we provide a 48-hour fast lane service and also same day EPC Certificate as basic, so you won’t be maintained waiting.

Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

SAP Estimations (Basic Assessment Treatments) are a structure law need and the UK government’s selected approach for assessing the energy performance of all brand-new develop conversions, residences as well as extensions.

Once SAP Calculations in Bristol have been successfully completed on a dwelling an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is generated. The energy performance certificate is an additional document required for building control sign off and is a legal requirement when selling or renting out a home.

AP ranking is a way of comparing the energy efficiency of various residences and is racked up on a rating scale between 1 and also 100 (100 representing a residence with a zero-energy price and 0 with a high energy cost). From the SAP calculations, we are able to work out a power cost for a provided property.

SBEM Calculations (Simplified Building Energy Model) is a tool that is used to analyse the compliance of your new non-domestic building with Part L of the building regulations (England and Wales) and equivalent regulations in Scotland, Northern Ireland.

The SBEM estimations procedure is assembled by taking a look at the suggested structures use of materials, heater, air conditioning, warm water, ventilation and lights solutions. The calculation additionally looks at what renewable power resources have actually been made use of, such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, ground/air-source home heating.

Once this information is modelled in our government approved software application, we can provide a precise understanding of what the structures energy performance and also carbon emissions will be. This result is determined versus a notional structure of the very same measurements with any luck allowing innovative and also great style to prevail. By collectively measuring the material, solutions, lighting, low and also eco-friendly carbon technologies to a notional structure we can enable some settlement in between the various components.

Who needs SBEM Calculations?

BEM Computations are a mandatory requirement for any heated new construct industrial home which surpasses 50m2 in dimension. In enhancement to brand-new build commercial buildings some improvement as well as extension jobs will certainly need an SBEM estimation.

Layout Phase:.
Building control will certainly require a style stage SBEM estimation to be sent at the very same time as your structure guideline application. Building control will not let the structure commence without getting both records.

As-built stage:.
Structure control will certainly need both the design stage SBEM Calculation and Industrial EPC once the building has been constructed. Building control will unlikely sign the building off without both records.

Air testing (Also known as Air Permeability, air leakage test and pressure test) is a measure of showing how good your building is at keeping the head in and the cold out.

 

All brand-new growths in the UK are required to have an air examination carried as part Accepted Paper Component L (England and also Wales) and also section 6 of the technological handbook (Scotland).

When the structure has actually been completed and also before the inhabitant relocates in, the Air test will always be brought out.

Essentially, the reduced the air leak, the far better the structure is at keeping out the cool and also the reduced the energy costs will certainly be. However, having a 100% air-tight structure is not essential an advantage as issues may take place such as mould and also condensation. Striking a balance in the outcome is key.

You can choose not to evaluate all stories on a larger site, yet it’s worth noting that the SAP rating will be penalised on those not examined. This is generally called confidence variable.

Why choose us?

  • Professional and reliable
  • Flexible appointments to suit you
  • Friendly practical advice
  • 10 years experience in the industry
  • Same day turnaround
  • Affordable pricing

What we offer

Covering Bristol as well as the surrounding areas, Focus 360 Energy has one decade’ experience offering power performance certifications (EPC’s) in Bristol and also throughout the south-west. Why Sap Recommends Graphical Calculation Views Over Sql Script In Sap Hana

We provide both residential as well as business EPC certifications to a large variety of clients consisting of estate representatives, solicitors, home landlords, facility supervisors and the general public.